<p>Non-strabismic binocular vision dysfunction (NSBVD) are visual disorders that affect the person&#39;s binocular vision and visual outcome when performing near tasks causing eye strain, headache, and blurred vision. If left undiagnosed or untreated, this defect can increase or turn into strabismic dysfunction.&nbsp;It can be classified as accommodative and vergence anomalies.&nbsp;These anomalies of binocular vision have been reported to be highly prevalent among school-going children and in adults too.</p>

<p><strong>Symptoms</strong></p>

<p>All of the following are associated with reading or other near tasks</p>

<p>&nbsp;</p>

<ul>
	<li>Asthenopia and headache</li>
	<li>Intermittent blur &amp; diplopia</li>
	<li>Symptoms worse at end of day</li>
	<li>Burning and tearing</li>
	<li>Inability to concentrate</li>
	<li>Sleepiness when reading</li>
	<li>Slow reading</li>
	<li><strong>Signs</strong></li>
	<li>Moderate to high exophoria or intermittent exotropia at near</li>
	<li>Reduced PFV at near</li>
	<li>Reduced vergence facility at near with base out prisms</li>
	<li>Intermittent suppression at near</li>
	<li>Receded near point of convergence</li>
	<li>Low AC/A</li>
	<li>Low MEM</li>
	<li>Low NRA</li>
	<li>Exo fixation disparity at distance and near</li>
</ul>
